Personal Response on Sexual Identity Essay

However, this has been an awakening although I do possess much about basic knowledge for my age in sexual issues there was still much I did not know (Rathus, Nevid & Fichner-Rathus, 2005). I grew up a Christian and certain high values were set my siblings and I, so high that moral values are predictable to assume on the subject of sex. Although I possess a European background my parents are primarily German-American. My siblings and I were with the ideas of spirituality is more important than religious views. However, this does not mean that we did not have set restrictions; never feeling shame or perfect knowledge of sexuality. That is why when wrapping up the last chapter of the text I realized that my sexual decisions were a positive influence and my family as-well-as myself. Prior to taking this course I unknowingly forgot some areas of my sexuality involving myself and my husband. When became married I took for granted our sexual relationship and forgot to nurture it along with our relationship. However, I was reminded that even being in a good relationship changes as-well-as our needs in that relationship. Developing and growing as a couple can avoid problems that can occur over years of neglect. Realizing, through reading the text information, taking care of our sexual needs instead of turning away from them brought both my husband and I closer together and improved our sexual relationship (Rathus, Nevid & Fichner-Rathus, 2005). Multiple sexual accounts of problems that concern couples were given in the text, which helped to improve upon and apply in my own relationship. One of those examples was Situational Ethics and the philosophy of Joseph Fletcher. This is a theory that I find most agreeable when supporting sexual behavior. The idea of supporting people because we love them or have experienced love for him or her makes sense. So by completing this course it has offered me a new perspective in critical thinking and value system in relation to sexuality. Also the material covered has assisted in becoming more aware in my son’s own sexuality and how to proceed in properly supporting a healthy sexual relationship of his own (Rathus, Nevid & Fichner-Rathus, 2005). Another important understanding is how the environmental and historical influences have shaped my life and ideas in my sexual experiences. It is my belief that both the environment and history brings important affects in molding our views as individuals on sexual orientation. The historical point of view influences how individual view sexuality, also it includes how he or she was reared by his or her parents. The historical and sexual viewpoints are different from one parent than another because of his or her own rearing. Therefore, certain sexual aspects were more acceptable for me when they were new for my parents to deal with. Case-in-point during my generation being a homosexual has become much more accepted by society than during my parent’s generation, and premarital sex was definitely prohibited. However, as a growing and mature individual I could develop my own ideas through experiences and knowledge, judging for myself what sexual preference I wanted to choose. Also there is the genetic predisposition, which contributes to the outcome and direction in which my sex is determined. So when adding the time, genetic predispositions, social environment, the way my parents reared me, and day-to-day environment influences together an individual will find the formula of a person’s sexual rientation. However, even with all of these pieces coming together to create a person’s sexual orientation none of them completely determine a person’s sexual choice. The determination of my gender identity was preset by my parents giving me the chromosomes XY, gave me an anatomic appearance of a female. Also being reared in a hetero environment had an influence in becoming a female as well. So the relation to the masculinity-femininity continuum is that I posses both traits fem inine and masculine. In some situations I tend to carry myself as a caring and soft-spoken female, is typical for feminine behavior. On the other hand I express more masculine attributes like aggressiveness and self-reliance, which is typical for masculine behavior. Both add in the development in determining and sustaining my gender identity. The biological perspective by the way was inherited from my parents and aided in the development of the characteristics in becoming a woman, gender role of nurturing and caring individual, and maternal tendencies in taking care of my child. Then the psychological perspective according to my mother to which she insists that I was a normal girl with particular behaviors toward feminine toys and clothes. As a final point, the social environment offers an insight into the typical social role of an American woman, which was predetermined at birth by my social surroundings (Rathus, Nevid & Fichner-Rathus, 2005). Attraction and love, the effects it has on a relationship is phenomenal and with whom the relationship involves can determine its outcome. Case-in-point my husband and I have nurtured and grown as a couple from a relationship to a marriage. Of course there are many aspects of love and attraction in one’s life and I think that the three most important components are Physical attractiveness, Similarity, and Reciprocity. When looking or meeting a perspective partner the first thing, I experience physically attraction, then similarity to make sure we have common interest, then reciprocity because I tend to express myself openly when a person is in agreement with me. Overall I have already experienced these characteristics in relationships for example the relationship I am currently in and any in the future. I think each phase is significant and reflect the process to which my relationships will develop (Rathus, Nevid & Fichner-Rathus, 2005). Furthermore, sexual dysfunctions are another course subject that I found interesting. Although, it is a delicate matter to most individuals I believe that dysfunctions should be addressed immediately by a doctor. People tend to postpone addressing issues concerning sexual dysfunctions when treated by a doctor it could become more manageable or cured. The reason for the lack of professional help in this area that people experience a feeling of shame, or uneducated in on the issue of sexual dysfunctions, there is however one very interesting sexual disorder I want to address the Orgasmic disorder. A man generally experiences an inability to delay an orgasm, which means he cannot control early ejaculation as for a women she experiences anorgasmia, is the lack of an orgasm even when stimulated. The Orgasmic disorder is a disorder in which being informed as much as possible is necessary to both partners and should my partner or I ever experience this kind of sexual disorder then we can acknowledge the disorder and seek treatment. Should this problem persist then my partner and I shale seek additional medical help in its prevention. However, the textbook offered knowledge in identifying and solving this problem by listing instructions to which a person may stimulate him or her prior to sexual intercourse or masturbation. Of course as men began to age he tends to experience complications from orgasmic disorders and this can lead to problems in a relationship. Moreover, if or when these dysfunctions occur many solutions are available such as talking to a medical doctor and seeking counseling to deal with the emotional stress of this disorder. Dealing with these problems in advance can improve a sexual relationship and offer a chance of a lasting marriage (Rathus, Nevid & Fichner-Rathus, 2005). When taking this course I first thought, it was unnecessary because I was confident and knowledgeable about my own sexuality.

Coke vs. Pepsi: An Economic Analysis Essay

Executive Summary In this case study we will do an economic analysis of two major competitors; Coke ® and Pepsi ®. We will look at the history of these to competitive giants and discuss how they have evolved over the years to become rivals in the 21st Century. In this case study we will also look at the supply and demand of each company’s products. Coke and Pepsi are not only in the beverage business they have branched out into other arenas to continue being the leaders in their market. Both companies do business all over the world; we will also look at how they size up internationally as well as nationally. We will look at production and cost in the short run and long run by analyzing each company economically. Each company has forecasted where they will be financially in the 21st Century and in this analysis we will calculate if they have forecasted close to where they are today. Management is a big part of the success of large firms such as Coke and Pepsi so we will look at the management styles of each one. By looking at management will analyze the strategic decision making of each firm and note any issues they have had in the past or present with upper management. Finally strategic decisions in oligopoly markets with regards to profit maximization is vital to the firm and the shareholders alike, we will analyze those strategies as well. After reading both of these competitive giants’ histories it is clear to see they are both trend setters in their own rights. Coca-Cola ® was being formulated in Atlanta in a pharmacy and selling about 9 drinks a day to now selling over 1 billion servings of Coke products a day. With Coke the product has always been an advertisement junkie from its beginnings when the founder put the Coca-Cola name on everything to now having global ad campaigns. Pepsi has also been a media giant and has soared in the market because of its huge ad campaigns. Pepsi has been known to use mega stars like Michael Jackson and Brittney Spears to be spokesmen for the brand which has been a big success over the years. Both Coke and Pepsi have evolved and changes in look at take over the years. Coke in the early 90’s tries to change the formula to New Coke and was soon back to what is known now as Coca-Cola Classic ®. Pepsi has also tweaked its formula only to revert back to the original. Both of these companies have many many brands and brand extensions. The competitive nature is apparent in each of these companies and will continue on. Coca-Cola seems to have a slight lead in the market and has always been a leader but not by a landslide Pepsi is always running close behind. There is both loyal Coke and Pepsi customers and some who enjoy both products and go back and forth. Coke has many brands like Minute Maid, Vitamin Water, Aquafina, Sprite, and many more. Pepsi also has many of the same or similar brands like Tropicana, Sobe Life Water, and more to coincide with Coke. Brand extensions are very important in the success of these companies. Pepsi Cola and Coca-Cola were both started in the late 1800s by pharmacists in the south Pepsi in N.C. and Coke in GA. Pepsi Co was formulated in a merger with the Frito Company which became Frito Lay. Brands like Frito Corn Chips and Lays Potato Chips and Pepsi together were formed in 1965. Though apart Frito was started in 1932 and Pepsi in 1895. This 1965 merger began a lifelong relationship and successful partnership. Doritos emerged in 1965 adding to the success and Pepsi enters Japan and Eastern Europe as well. In the 70s Pepsi acquires things like Pizza Hut and Taco Bell, which adds to the brands solidity and its market value. Looking at these companies financially is where you can see how they stack up against each other. Coke has a good positive outlook on the future. Pepsi also has a good outlook on future endeavors in the US and abroad. Coke being a huge international company brought in $27.8 billion of net operating revenues from operations outside the United States. (United States Securities and Exchange Commision, 2011) Coca-Cola also created 4,700 jobs in 2011 in the opening of the Great Plains Bottling Company in the US. These leaps and bounds made by Coke are nothing abnormal it is a huge marketer. One big issue for both Pepsi and Coke is water scarcity and that most likely will have an effect on the companies’ productions costs which are in turn passed on to its consumers eventually. Coca- Cola is concerned with the water scarcity issue and reports I its 10-K filings that the water sustainability problem will more than likely have an effect on the company and reposts this, †from overexploitation, increasing pollution, poor management and climate change as the demand for water continues to increase around the world, and as water becomes scarcer and the quality of available water deteriorates, our system may incur increasing production costs or face capacity constraints which could adversely affect our profitability or net operating revenues in the long run† (United States Securities and Exchange Commision, 2011) The PepsiCo Company faces the same type of troubles when it comes to externalities. The negative effects of these externalities will take a toll on t he profits of all bottling companies since they will have to begin to develop ways to be productive without corrupting its external environment. In India drought has made water a scarcity and some of the blame is being put on Coca-Cola Bottling Plants in the area. In a village in India protest caused a $25 million a year plant to shut down. Some protestors say â€Å"drinking Coke is like drinking a farmer’s blood† Groundwater is not the only problem reported high levels of pollution have been reported as well and sludge fertilizer offered to farmers as a peace treaty high in levels of cadmium-laden in the sludge fertilizer. Protestors say why they would do that and nothing about depleting water, Coke responds that those accusations have no merit. (Ehl, 2011) PepsiCo has had the same bad reputation for depleting water resources around the globe. Coalitions like Council of Canadians and Food and Water Watch work to ensure the food, water, and fish we consume is assessable and sustainable. They also make sure the government does its job at protecting those resources as well. In conclusion Coke and Pepsi are both equally competitive and equally challenged with today’s problems. Seeing the value in both of the companies is easy they have both been models for the beverage market and for the world market alike. By looking at the history of the companies it is clear to see they run neck and neck with on another. I think going forward with the companies that there has to be greater concern for the world economics and water depletion is part of that economical problem. Learning new ways to safely produce the products in areas that have an abundant supply of resources is the key to success here. Investing in the research and development of safe ways to bottle is on the forefront of both of the bottlers’ agendas. These are two extremely successful companies that have been around for over 100 years they are not going anywhere anytime soon. Works Cited Ehl, D. (2011). Coca-Cola Charged with Groundwater Depletion and Pollution in India. Centerville: Earth Talk. United States Securities and Exchange Commision. (2011). ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES. 10-K Filings , 12-13.

Economist Skills Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Economist Skills - Case Study Example Entering a supervisory role means that one gives up some of the task orientation and gets involved in the planning aspects of the tasks at hand. Rather than being given the daily tasks to perform, as on the line, the supervisor must deal with the constraints (number of people, amount of time, budget) and the requirements (production quantity, quality). Add to this the human management aspects of the job upward. Whereas the plant manager is a distant figure to the people on the line, not sharing the pressures and difficulties of the job, he is more direct and confrontational with his/her supervisors, as they are the first-line managers responsible for getting things done. Managing upwards for Joe means that he must fit the requirements of the company and his capacities to complete them with the people he has. Like an Army lieutenant climbing over the foxhole, he knows that the ultimate goal is not just the next foxhole, but a broader battle plan that he may or may not choose to communicate with his employees. Joe must manage expectations upward. That means that if upper management is asking him to do something for which he doesn't have the resources (e.g. capital equipment, training of his people, time or expertise), Joe must communicate that clearly with management and come to a mutually-satisfying conclusion. The usual pattern on manufactu... In addition, the supervisor moves from top player to coach: rather than carrying out the tasks himself, he must teach those who must do the actual production. It's said that the best coaches are those who were just average players in their sport. Vince Lombardi played professional football with just average results, but he excelled as a coach. The reason for the difference is that coaches understand how to reach down to the mid-performing line worker and motivate him/her to excel. There are any number of ways that Joe could have failed as a first-line manager: He failed to communicate the needs of upper management to the production team, thus failing to give an adequate picture of what was expected, or He did not act as a buffer, or translator, of upper-management wishes. Sometimes the first-line manager will communicate the tension and insecurity of upper management without giving adequate translation into the tasks that need to be completed. He could have failed to supply enough information to give his team members an insight as to why the decisions on production levels, quality and other factors were being asked of them. His production team members were looking to Joe for leadership, not camaraderie. Joe may have found that the tools he used before (being a nice guy, getting along) are different than those he needs now to succeed (providing direction and feedback). How Might This Have Been Avoided Management clearly failed Joe in two key ways: 1. They should have assessed Joe on his leadership qualities, not his ability to perform his work on the line. 2. They should have provided Joe with the management tools he needed in order to succeed, including training, coaching and feedback. Bibliography Berger, D., n.d., It's All About the People, Plant

Human Resource Policy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Human Resource Policy - Research Paper Example This paper will explore the policies that govern the proper use and disposal of needles and sharp objects in hospitals or nursing homes. #1 The human resource policy describes the rules that are formal and guidelines, which organizations employ to hire, reward, assess and train individuals who join the workforce of the enterprise or organization. When these policies are disseminated and organized in a form that can be comprehended and utilized easily, they can preempt numerous misunderstandings that emerge between employers and employees (Delpo, 2000). These misunderstandings can emanate from the infringement of the rights of employees by employers or ignorance of the responsibilities and duties of the employees in the business premises. In most cases, the policy of a business is written on a paper in a formal way to ensure that every employee gets access to the policies when they sign job contracts in the business. Further, written policies can be employed with extreme consistency a nd accuracy, and they ensure that the business is run in a consistent way with consistent decisions. Moreover, the policies of the human resource can save the company in case of a law suit, which could unearth the issues of employee’s rights and the interests of the business. Unless the business organization has clearly written human resource policies and laws, then the business will suffer from the law suit. Respect to the human resource policies is the core objectives of every worker, especially those who work in hospitals and nursing homes. It has become evident that these policies govern the association between the employee and the employer, and any breach in the contractual performance of duties will result to detrimental challenges (Storey, 2007). The workers in the nursing homes should respect the agreement that they had with their employer, and perform their duties to the expected standards without compromise. #2 The perspective of the roles of human resources depends with the person asked and the experiences of that person with the human resources. Further, the degree of interaction that an individual has experienced with the human resources can also influence the response that one gives regarding the question of the roles and processes (Delpo, 2000). Human resource represents policies and views of the organization, as well as the traditions and the culture that the organization wishes to instill, adopt and empower. In this position, human resources enhance the reputation of the company and the employer (Mathis, 2011). For instance, human resources ensure that the information about the company is not exposed during recruitment and enrolment of employees. In addition, human resources ensure that employees work towards the attainment of the organizational objectives. Furthermore, human resources provide an avenue for employees to air their grievances or seek an arbitrator to mediate the issues and challenges that face employees at the work place. The interests of the employees are represented by this department, though the department cannot skip the constraints that the organization sets. #3 Job analysis describes the process used in the determination of the requirements of work or task and duties of that job. Further, the

The Microsoft Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

The Microsoft Case - Essay Example Additionally, it will be convincingly argued that Microsoft was indeed not a monopoly at the time of the investigation. Some key points that characterize a pure monopoly are the following: 1) only one firm in the market 2) significant barriers to entry exist 3) lack of substitute goods 4) firm is a price-maker. When one examines Microsoft of the late 1990’s, it becomes clear that although the company had a large share of the operating systems market captured, they were still far from being what could be literally considered a monopoly (Khan, 2004). Based on the previous metrics listed, Microsoft falls short on every single determinant. Additionally, although Microsoft offered a host of products that could tangentially be seen as working to squeeze out competition, they still did not maintain any measurable means of creating barriers to entry for firms wishing to take market share from their products. In fact, the major concern among many regulators was the fact that Microsoft improperly bundled many services that were also offered by competitors. As such, these suggestions were not against anti-trust laws but merely an aggressive form of business outreach and marketing to get consumers accosted to the products of the firm before they would become accustomed to the products of anothe r firm. Furthermore, the market demand for operating systems would have been marked by a downward sloping demand curve if indeed Microsoft had a monopoly power in the market. However, the opposite of this has indeed been proven to be the case. Doubtless, Microsoft as a firm was making massive amounts of profit during these and proceeding years. However, Microsoft could be viewed as enriching itself primarily from the correct application of economies of scale as opposed to having a death’s clasp on the market in a monopolistic way. Furthermore, operating systems are an exceedingly

Artificial Intelligence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Artificial Intelligence - Essay Example The focus in this paper is on Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the scientific attempt to build computational models of cognitive processes. It aims to study the computations that make it possible to reason, perceive and act. It differs from psychology because of greater emphasis on computation. In Artificial Intelligence, the aim is to make electronic computer systems to perform tasks that would usually be considered intelligent if done by a human. It is mainly concerned with the analogy between particular computer programs and how they emulate the human mind. The scientific goal of Artificial intelligence is to solve real world problems faced by humans using knowledge and assembled systems. Artificial intelligence requires skills of understanding how knowledge can be represented and the methods of how to use that knowledge. The main aim of AI is to improve human life and reduce risks faced by humans. According to the late pioneer of Artificial Intelligence, Allan Newell, man-made wor ld would be permeated by systems to cushion it from danger. With the advent of new age computers, the dream of smart computers has become a reality. The ‘ability’ of computers keeps growing with changing times. The limitations are virtually boundless. The other main reason is the interest in technological applications in the AI field. These spread out to all disciplines that use any form of computers or electronics to achieve tasks. Examples of these fields include; Medicine, manufacturing, farming, education, housework, research and development and science in general. In business, computers are also very helpful and essential. (Marsland 345). Due to the intelligent and adaptive nature of AI, systems can help locate pertinent information. Discussion Artificial Intelligence computers are commonly known as intelligent systems. This is attributed to their ability to learn from examples and use the statistics or data fed to them to solve problems. Most learning programs are either experience or data oriented. The systems use a knowledge base created with many different aspects to simulate experiences. These experience oriented systems use common sense knowledge to discover how people usually reason about new experiences (Marsland 213). This stimulates a reaction. Data oriented systems create programs to specifically search and mine for data in databases to get exploitable regularities. These intelligent systems can give answers to questions using free text and structured data. AI is becoming more essential to us and yet less conspicuous. The rapid development of this field has helped business people achieve strategic business goals. Challenges The AI field has been incorporated in many industries, and this has brought about their growth. This incorporation is by the development of intelligent agents that are set put to complete the different tasks and requirements needed by the field. This, however, does not come without challenges. Some of the challe nges faced include; the need for information exchange with databases in the mainframe. The need to provide rapid hardware recoveries should failures occurs is a major function of AI that presents many challenges. The need for effective information distribution to all personnel involved in system development is another crucial function that is challenging (Russell & Norving 104). These are some of the problems that should be addressed to achieve successful implementation of an AI system. Some examples of successful implementation are discussed in the following paragraph. Siri is an application developed by the Apple Company, to help users interact better with their mobile phones. It is considered an intelligent agent that acts as a personal assistant and has access to knowledge navigation. The main platform

Conflict Resolution and Organizational Culture Case Study

Conflict Resolution and Organizational Culture - Case Study Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that Kilmann has clearly brought out that every person tends to behave differently in times of an issue and conflict. He explains that all the conflicts and resolutions of conflicts are based on the behavior of the person. He classifies this into two main types, a) assertive, i.e. where the person focuses on ‘my’ needs and desired outcome and agenda, while the other one is b) Cooperativeness, where the person focuses on ‘others’ needs and mutual relationships. The author explains that based on these two dimensions; there are five different modes that people tend to respond to the conflict situations. Competing: This is the first of the five possible outcomes. People who fall into this category are too self-focused and will take any step possible to win their own position. Here the person tends to do anything to defend the position that they believe is correct or also simply to be able to win. Accommodating: This is a situation where the person is unassertive and cooperative. This is where the person tends t forget their own needs and concerns for others and the individuals tend to be selfless and generous and ever yielding to the other person’s views. Avoiding: This kind of people fall into the unassertive and uncooperative category. Here the person does not try to pursue his own issues nor does he pay attention to the other individual and hence tries not to deal with the conflict at all. Here there is a behavior which mainly is trying to postpone the issue, or simply trying to withdraw from a threatening situation. Collaborating: Here the person tends to be both assertive as well as cooperative. The aim here is to ensure that the concerns of both parties are satisfied.

Oppurtunity cost on economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Oppurtunity cost on economics - Essay Example According to Varian (1999, p327): â€Å"In the expression for cost we should be sure to include all the factors of production used by the firm, valued at their market price. Usually this is pretty obvious, but in cases where the firm is owned and operated by the same individual, it is possible to forget about some of the factors.† Varian (1999, p327) went on to give the following example which will enable a better understanding of opportunity costs: â€Å"If an individual works in his own firm, then his labor is an input and it should be counted as part of the costs. His wage rate is simply the market price of his labor – what he would be getting if he sold his labor on the open market. Similarly, if a farmer owns some land and uses it in his production, that land should be valued at its market value for purposes of computing the economic costs. We have seen that economic costs like these are often referred to as opportunity costs. The name comes from the idea that if you are using your labor, for example, in one application, you forgo the opportunity of employing it elsewhere. Therefore, those lost wages are part of the cost of production. Similarly, with the land example: the farmer has the opportunity of renting his land to someone else, but he chooses to forgo that rental income in favor of renting it to himself. The lost rents are part of the opportunity cost of his production. The economic definition of profits re quires that we value all inputs at their opportunity costs.† When firms are making profits in an industry, the industry becomes attractive to prospective investors. The costs of firms should include all costs incurred at their market price. This market price is the opportunity cost. â€Å"After all, the cost curve is supposed to include the cost of all factors necessary to produce output, measured at their market

Human Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Human Rights - Essay Example Considering the natural rights, in particular, are rights of a person, and thought to be beyond the authority of a governing body or international organization. This theory was developed by the famous philosopher John Locke (Wikipedia n.pag). Human rights, democratic system and the statute of law are center ethics of the European Union and entrenched in its beginning pact. They have been toughened by the adoption of a Charter of Fundamental Rights. Value for human rights is a precondition for countries looking to join the Union and a requirement for countries that have business pact and other agreements with it. The European Union considers human rights as universal and inseparable. Hence they promote it aggressively and protecting them within its boundaries and in its relationships with outside nations. The European Union’s human rights policy is made applicable to civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights. It also looks ahead to encourage the rights of women and children in addition to minorities and displaced persons. The terrorist activity is one of a main concern and the fight against it is given most priority. Even though European Union has superior human rights evidence, yet it is not satisfied. It is mainly anxious about human rights in the area of refuge and migration and it is against racial discrimination, and other types of unfairness to minorities. The European Union has a long practice of welcoming people from other countries. The European Union has already given the rights of the five million non-EU refugee personnel lawfully recognized in the European Union, even with the right of family members to join them. Several steps have been taken up for setting up a Common European Asylum System with approved measures for granting and withdrawing refugee status and setting reception environment for asylum seekers. Further, a European Refugee Fund has been built up

Strategic Accounting Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Strategic Accounting - Assignment Example Quality costing should therefore be understood as the cost of not producing a product, which bears the above components that gauge a quality product or service (Thompson, 2010). The aspect of quality cost arises from the third era of quality where it emerges as a tool of quality assurance with its main goal being to avoid problems, by giving room to coordination of activities. Quality control as a technique of management accounting has been improved over time through the contribution of various scholars, who added in more knowledge and insight to quality control. Crosby initiated the aspect of quality testing through inspection, quality management, quality assurance and improvement (Kilger, 2002). Deming on the other hand shared his contribution by introducing the aspect of companywide quality control, which was later revised by Juran through his total quality management technique (Nokes, 2000). Quality costs are mainly understood in four major groupings which are commonly referred t o as the four types of quality costs. Prevention costs is a type of quality control and is considered as generally the most effective way to manage quality costs and avoid defects of products and services (Sadler, 2003). Prevention costs hold on a projection that it is better to prevent a defect from occurring at the first place than to correct it when it has already occurred, as it tends to be more expensive. Prevention costs make use of control activities such as statistical process control, quality engineering and training, which reduce defects. Prevention cost as a type of quality control also takes in activities relating to quality control, which consists of people who meet to discuss and solve quality problems. Statistical quality control as an activity of quality control is used to detect whether a specific product or service is in or out of quality (Samset, 2010). Prevention costs therefore take in the perspective of all activities that are designed to prevent the initial po or quality of products and services (Commission for local governance, 2000). Appraisal costs are also referred to as inspection costs and are incurred by an organization with the aim of identifying defective products in the production process, to make sure that defective products are not shipped to customers. Appraisal costs have the purpose of inspecting the production process and ensuring defective products are identified and eliminated. Many organizations however look at appraisal costs as expensive and ineffective to customers (Cadez, 2008). Other than employing appraisal costs, many companies encourage customers to be increasingly responsible for their own quality control through designing products that allow simple manufacturing, which gives a chance for quality to be built into the products (Morden, 2012). Internal failure costs on the other hand refer to cots incurred internally when a particular product fails to conform to design specifications that had been identified init ially. Internal failure

Soda Ash Experiment Essay Example for Free

Soda Ash Experiment Essay To determine the efficiency of a titrimetric and potentiometric method while determining the carbonate in soda ash, both a t-test and f-test were performed. The t-test proved accuracy between methods and the f-test proved no difference in precision. Introduction Soda ash is a white anhydrous material that be found in either powder or granular form and it contains 99% sodium carbonate when shipped[i] (1). Soda ash serves a purpose in the manufacturing of many economically important products such as the manufacturing of glass, chemicals, paper, detergents and other products. Soda ash has been used dating all the way back to 3500 BC by the Egyptians. The Egyptians were able to utilize soda ash then in the production of glass and then as an ingredient in medicines and breads by the Romans (1). Today, the majority of the world’s soda ash comes from trona ore, which is mostly found in the Green River Basin, formerly known as the Gosiute Lake, located in southwest Wyoming. The Green River basin is actually a prehistoric alkaline lakebed that supplies this vast amount of trona ore (1). With glass manufacturing being the largest application of soda ash, it erves very high importance in the production of containers, fiberglass insulation or flat glass for housing commercial building and automotive industries[ii] (2). Not only is the use of soda ash in glass manufacturing important, but it is also used to clean the air and soften water (2). With all of the new arising concerns with the environment with emissions in the atmosphere, the demand for soda ash h as increased. This is so because soda ash can be used to remove sulfur dioxides and hydrochloric acid from stack gases present in the atmosphere (2). Since sodium carbonate has a strong base, it is commonly used to neutralize acidic effects so when a photographer were to develop film, he would use soda ash to stabilize the alkaline condition or a person who owns a pool would use it as an additive to chemically neutralize the water since chlorine makes the pool acidic (1). Soda ash has a high pH in concentrated solutions and can irritate the eyes, respiratory tract and skin. It should under no circumstance be ingested because soda ash can corrode the stomach lining (1). In the experiment that was conducted Na? CO? eacted with 0. 09356 M hydrochloric acid. Methods In the first part of this lab, roughly 1. 855g of sodium carbonate was weighed and put in the oven to dry at a temperature of 110 degrees Celsius for 2 hours. In part B, a 1 L solution of 0. 1 M HCl from 12. 0 M concentrated HCl was made to serve as the titrant for the lab. Do not discard the solution because it is used for both parts of the lab. Perform a rough titration of the dried standard Na? CO? with 0. 1M HCl to standardize the solution. The size of the sample weighed out should be enough to neutralize about 25 mL of 0. M HCl. On an analytically weighed balance weigh one sample of the dried primary standard sodium carbonate into a 125mL Erlenmeyer flask. Dilute the sample with 25mL of de-ionized water and then add roughly 4-5 drop of indicator Methyl Orange and titrate the solution to a point prior to the endpoint. Gently heat the sample solution on a hotplate in the fume hood until condensation appears around the neck of the flask to expel dissolved CO? from the sample. Cool the solution in an ice bath and finish titrating the roughly 0. 1 M HCl into the sample. A small amount of titrant is needed to reach the endpoint. Based off of the R value obtained from the rough titration, accurately weigh three more samples and repeat the titration. This data will be used to calculate the exact concentration of the HCl solution. In part C, titrating the unknown, accurately weigh about 0. 2g of dried unknown into a 125 mL Erlenmeyer flask and then add 25mL of de-ionized water and 4-5 drops of indicator (same as used in the rough). With the same procedure used in the standardization, titrate to just before the endpoint. Based off the R value from the rough titration of the unknown, accurately weigh 3 more samples and repeat the titration. In the second part of this lab, use a pH meter to titrate the unknown sodium carbonate. The instructor will help in setting up and calibrating a Vernier pH meter. The pH meter is calibrated with two buffer solutions with a pH of 4. 01 and the other with a pH of 10. 00. Based off of the calculated R value from part C accurately weigh two samples of the dried unknown sodium carbonate into two 150mL beakers. Add 25mL of de-ionized water to the first sample and place the electrode in the solution as well as a teflon stir bar and glass stirring rod and place on a stir plate. Record the initial volume of the HCl in the buret and carefully titrate with HCl until the pH is between 6. 0 and 6. 5. Be careful because the pH meter tends to lag. Once the target pH is achieved stop adding HCl and record the volume of the buret. Remove the sample beaker from the stir plate and put the electrode in a beaker filled with warm water. Warm the solution for a few minutes on a separate hot plate to expel dissolved CO?. Cool in an ice bath and return to the stir plate. Record pH, first data point, and continue to add increments of HCl until a pH of 2. 5 is achieved. Be sure not to add any de-ionized water after the first pH point is recorded. When completed there should be 30-40 data points. Repeat for the second sample. Results Table 1: Mass of the unknown Na? CO? to determine carbonate in soda ash based off titrimetric method (Part C) Titration |Starting mass of weigh bottle and unknown Na? CO? | |46. 848% Na? CO? |51. 933% Na? CO? | |46. 5879% Na? CO? |50. 564% Na? CO? | |46. 7083% Na? CO? | | |47. 0692% Na? CO? | | |46. 6548% Na? CO? | | |46. 7396% Na? CO? | |

Gender Roles in American Households Essay Example for Free

Gender Roles in American Households Essay The social phenomenon of changing gender roles in American households is explored in this paper. Are men and women sharing more equally in assuming household responsibilities? Do women still bear the majority of the responsibility? How do race, age, and cultural influence play a role in the division of labor in the household? I have done research on the change in gender roles among people of different ages, genders, and race. Data was collected to see if there is a difference in change between races, if there is a significant change in roles between generations, and if men and women view the change the same or differently. To gain the data I used surveying and interviewing as my research methodologies. These methods were used as they were the most practical ways to obtain enough information needed to form conclusions. Caucasian, Asian, and African Americans of both genders and diverse ages were surveyed and interviewed. I feel my research will show that with each generation, as more women entered the work force, the households of all races have undergone significant change in which women and men are sharing both work and domestic duties more equitably. That being said, the distribution of domestic chores does contribute to household stratification of gender roles. Both currently and historically race plays a role in that stratification. Gender role research is socially relevant because each individual in a household is impacted by it. Gender roles in the household can be a factor in whether a marriage is happy and successful. They also influence decision making in the family and parent and child relationships. Researchers could use my data to delve deeper into the impact of gender roles in different types of households. Since everyone grows up in some type of household setting, the research could have far reaching implications for most of the population. The first research method I choose to collect data is the survey. Using a survey to collect data allowed me to reach a large number of people. Family and friends helped in distributing and collecting the surveys. My parents work at a hospital, my Aunt is a teacher, and my friend attends a large university. That allowed me to reach the age groups, genders, and races I needed in order to collect enough data. Included in my survey were both questions about today and about the past. In addition, using a survey allowed me to ask questions that were not opened ended and could easily be converted to statistical data. In the end, I had responses from a minimum of fifteen respondents in each of eighteen categories. The categories are Caucasian females ages 19-30, Caucasian males ages 19-30, Caucasian females ages 31-49, Caucasian males ages 31-49, Caucasian females ages 50 and above, Caucasian males age 50 and above, and the same for both African Americans and Asian Americans. Because of the large number of groups I needed to collect data on, I felt 15 individuals per category would be a large enough number to get a representative sample. I looked at the responses and felt I had a good sample. Had that not been the case, I would have handed out more surveys. Included in the survey were questions on the household the person grew up in and questions about their household today. For example, respondents were asked if they were raised in a two parent home. This is a question I checked the responses to when I determined if I had collected enough surveys. It was necessary to have enough positive answers to this question since gender roles is the issue I am looking at. Also on the survey were questions asking your race and age, who you were raised by, if your mother worked outside the home, percentage of division of household chores, and whether the perceived change in gender roles is positive. I did not have any problems with the survey itself. The only difficulty was finding fifteen respondents for a few of the categories. The second research methodology I used was the interview. In interviewing I was hoping to be able to ask follow up questions and steer the interview in a direction that would supply me with the information I needed. The survey did not lend itself to follow up questions. In addition, participant observation and experimentation methodologies were not at all suited to investigate the question of changing household gender roles. I interviewed one person from each of the three races I was researching. In addition, each was from a different age category. All of the interviews were conducted separately as I would not have wanted to inconvenience the people who were nice enough to participate. All were interviewed once in an informal manner since I believe that discussing your childhood and present home life is best accomplished in a comfortable setting. I interviewed Dr. Espejo, a 49 year old of Asian decent by telephone as she was unavailable in person. Helen Bonokallie, a 24 year old of African decent was my second interview. I spoke with Helen at her workplace as she works third shift and that was most convenient for her. My last interview was with Sylvia Johnson, a 66 year old Caucasian. I interviewed her in her living room. I have known Sylvia my entire life and have a close personal bond with her. Aside from choosing my subjects for interviewing and directing the questions to get the answers I needed I did not shape the outcome of the interview. The survey results revealed several trends related to gender roles in American families. The following charts and statistical analysis help to clarify the collected data from the surveys. The three tables that follow represent each of the three races I surveyed. Each chart shows the three age groups surveyed and their responses to two questions. The first, as a child what percentage of household work was done by each of your parents? The second, in your home today, what percentage of household work is done by the male and what percentage is done by the female? Looking at the charts a few trends are seen. First, regardless of race, the percentage of work done by the male is greater in the adult household as compared to the father in the childhood home. That indicates that with each generation gender roles in the home have changed. Ratio of CaucasianCaucasianCaucasianCaucasianCaucasianCaucasian work doneAge 19-30Age 19-30Age 31-49Age 31-49Age 50+Age 50+ female:malechildhoodadultchildhoodadultchildhood adult In %householdhouseholdhouseholdhouseholdhouseholdhousehold 50-504%40%0%38%0%0% 60-400%40%4%31%0%40% 70-3012%20%15%23%0%40% 75-250%0%11%8%0%13% 80-2014%0%0%0%20%7% 85-1512%0%11%0%3%0% 90-1058%0%30%0%30%0% 95-50%0%11%0%27%0% 100-00%0%18%0%20%0%. Ratio of AsianAsianAsianAsianAsianAsian work doneAge 19-30Age 19-30Age 31-49Age 31-49Age 50+Age 50+ female:malechildhoodadultchildhoodadultchildhood adult householdhouseholdhouseholdhouseholdhouseholdhousehold 50-500%26%0%0%0%0% 60-400%39%0%16%0%0% 70-307%30%0%36%0%28% 75-2510%0%0%12%0%0% 80-2023%5%17%24%3%22% 85-157%0%10%12%13%0% 90-1050%0%30%0%23%36% 95-50%0%30%0%25%0% 100-03%0%13%0%36%14% Ratio of African AfricanAfricanAfricanAfricanAfrican work doneAge 19-30Age 19-30Age 31-49Age 31-49Age 50+Age 50+ female:malechildhoodadultchildhoodadultchildhood adult householdhouseholdhouseholdhouseholdhouseholdhousehold 50-500%0%0%0%0%6%. 60-400%63%0%18%0%18% 70-3031%31%7%28%0%38% 75-2531%0%8%12%5%7% 80-2015%6%8%36%25%12% 85-150%0%23%0%0%0% 90-1023%0%46%6%30%19% 95-50%0%8%0%25%0% 100-00%0%0%0%15%0% In addition, under no circumstance did the males of any race or age perform more household work than the females. The data also shows that there is no difference in gender roles today among Caucasians, African Americans, and Asian Americans in the 19-30 age group. In the Asian American group of individuals fifty and older, 72% of women still do 80-100% of the household work today. In contrast, in the same age group, only 7% of Caucasian women and 31% of African American women perform 80-100% of household work. According to the 2004 United States Census, 69% of Asians were born in another country (Lee and Pituc 2007). This is significant in that many older Asian-Americans adhere to traditional cultural values. Traditional Asian gender roles prescribe for women to place the role of wife and mother above all others: men are expected to be the breadwinner and spokesperson. Asian cultural values consequently encourage distinct spheres for men and women and a gendered household division of labor in which the burden of household duties such as housekeeping tasks and childcare rest heavily on women (Lee and Pituc 2007: 1). The following graph was compiled based on the survey question; did your mother work outside the home? The y-axis is percentage of working mothers and the x-axis is the age of those surveyed. The graph shows that over time more mothers have become workers outside the home. It also indicates that for all age categories 70% of African American women were in the workforce. Kane stated â€Å"White women have a history of lower levels of labor force participation and higher levels of economic dependence on men than do African-American women† (2000 p. 421). This graph when looked at in conjunction with the 3 charts above shows a correlation between women working outside the home and men giving more help around the house. The last survey question was do you think the change in gender roles in the household is positive or negative. The results were 99% positive and 1% negative. The information obtained from my interviews mirrored the information I got from the surveys. Talking to Sylvia, the 66 year old Caucasian, the idea that generation and women in the workplace play a part in changing gender roles was reinforced. Sylvia related what her home was like as a child, indicating that household work was entirely done by her non-working mom. Her home on the other hand is different in that her husband does help out to some extent. She also said her children’s homes are even more equitable when it comes to dividing household chores. Dr. Espejo’s parents worked together and shared responsibilities in the home. It is the same in her home today, where she and her husband, both physicians, share household duties. Dr. Espejo stated that she feels sharing of household responsibilities strengthens the relationship between a husband and wife and between parents and children. This may be explained by a 2003 study conducted by Y. Espiritu. Trask (2006) states: Based on an analyses of various studies of Asian-American families, Espiritu found that more educated couples tended to share and practice greater egalitarian relationships within households. While women still performed more of the housework, their husbands did participate in all aspects of family work. This increased participation by men may be explained due to an equal monetary contribution from men and women which led to wives successfully forcing their husbands to participate in domestic chores. (P. 4) In my interview with Helen, she pointed out that sharing responsibility around the house helps to equalize the stress between both male and female. In the African- American household she grew up in her father did the cooking and laundry while her mother cleaned and helped the children with homework. A recent study has a possible explanation for the sharing of household work in Helen’s childhood home. The study concluded, â€Å"When referencing the family and work, black men may be less traditional because they are more sensitive to oppression in general, may share resistance with black women to racial inequality, and often gain acceptance of women in the workforce during early years while being raised by a single working mother† (Carter 2006: 209). In addition, Blee and Tickamyer state, â€Å"African American men do not equate masculinity with success, wealth, ambition, and power, but rather with self-determinism and accountability† (1995 p. 21). All three interview subjects expressed that change in gender roles where there is a more equal distribution of household responsibilities is very positive. The research I have done shows that over time gender roles have changed among the three races I studied. Every group I looked at had fathers who helped out less around the house than the males in their homes today. One important reason for this could be the fact that over time more women have entered the workforce outside the home. It simply has become a necessity for men to help out more around the house. In addition to more women in the work force, culture and race play a role in gender and the household stratification of gender roles. Culture remains important to many Asians Americans, especially the older generation. In those cultures Asian men are seen as the breadwinner and women as household caretakers. That dictates women being almost entirely responsible for the household. In contrast, African American men do not define their masculinity by success, but instead by accountability. That leads to many African American men being more equitable in sharing household chores. Since everyone in a household is affected by gender roles, this subject is very important socially. It is a subject worth investigating further as the findings could impact many people. References Blee, Kathleen and Ann Tickamyer. 1995. â€Å"Racial Differences in Men’s Attitudes about Women’s Gender Roles. † In Journal of Marriage and Family. Vol. 57, pps 21-30. Carter, J. Scott and Mamadi Corra. 2009. â€Å"The Interaction of Race and Gender: Changing Gender Role Attitudes, 1974-2006. † In Social Science Quarterly. Vol. 90, pps 196-211 Kane, Emily. 2000. â€Å"Racial and Ethnic Variations in Gender-Related Attitudes. † In Annual Review of Sociology. Vol. 26, pps 419-436 Lee, Sandra and Stephanie Pituc. 2007. â€Å"Asian Women and Work-Family Issues. † In Sloan Work and Family Research Encyclopedia. pps 1-6 Trask, Bahira. 2006. â€Å"Traditional Gender Roles. † In Sloan Work and Family Research Encyclopedia. pps 1-5.

A Homophobic Environment And Schools Education Essay

A Homophobic Environment And Schools Education Essay Homophobia refers to the negative feelings that some people have towards people who are gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgendered LGBT and can often lead to harassment, bullying and victimisation. Despite this definition, the Association of Teachers and Lecturers (2013) state that it is not just limited to being targeted at those who identify themselves as being LGBT. They believe that people who are merely perceived to be gay can be targeted, as well as those who do not conform to stereotypical gender roles. Boys who display characteristics that are stereotypically feminine and girls who display characteristics that are stereotypically masculine can be faced with abuse in schools. For example, AVERT (n.d.) write that boys are usually stereotyped as sporty and strong decision-makers, and girls are expected to be emotional and expressive. Therefore, boys can be labelled as being gay if they dont like sports, if they happen to show their feelings or if others think they are being too in timate with other boys. A study by Rivers (2000, p14) found that there are a number of places this bullying can take place, including in the classroom, playground, corridors, toilets, changing rooms and on their way home. The Department for Children, Schools and Families (2007, p.16) list a number of ways that children can experience homophobic bullying. They argue that it can consist of verbal abuse (such as mean jokes, suggestive remarks, teasing and name calling) or non-verbal abuse (such as mimicking them and using offensive gestures towards them). They also argue that pupils could be ignored or excluded from joining in with others, be threatened or experience physical abuse (such as hitting or kicking). It also states that pupils may experience cyber-bullying via email, chat rooms, social network sites and mobile phones. Furthermore, they state that offensive graffiti or distribution of other offensive material could be used to harass the child. Stonewall (n.d.) state that teachers have a legal duty to ensure homophobia is dealt with in schools. The Education and Inspections Act 2006 states that there is a need to safeguard and promote the rights and welfare of pupils (Firth, 2012, p6). Under this law, teachers must identify and implement measures to promote good behaviour, respect for others, and self discipline amongst pupils, and to prevent all forms of bullying, including homophobic bullying (Stonewall, n.d.). Firth (p.6) states that the Equality Act 2010 imposes a duty on schools to be proactive in promoting equality of opportunity for all. She says that, under this law, is it illegal to put people at a disadvantage based upon their sexual orientation and, therefore it offers protection against direct and indirect discrimination, harassment and victimisation. Firth (p.6) also talks about the Human Rights Act 1998 which requires schools to respect and value all of their pupils and states that they have a right to private life and to be free from discrimination. Department For Education and Skills (2004, p9) states that OFSTED insists that inspectors report how schools promote the five outcomes of the Every Child Matters policy. These outcomes are being physically and mentally healthy, staying safe and being protected from harm and neglect, enjoying and achieving, making a positive contribution by being positively involved in community and society, and economic wellbeing. It adds that it will be impossible to deliver all five of these outcomes in a culture of homophobia. Despite these laws being in place, Moore Rosenthal (2006, p.132) argue that there is now considerable evidence that schools are a powerful site for homophobia to flourish and this is also reflected in research published by Stonewall, a charity organisation which fights for LGBT rights. They have conducted a number of surveys in recent years, asking for both the pupils and teachers points of view and experiences of homophobia in schools. The School Report (2012) was a survey of more than 1,600 gay young people in Britain. It found that more than half of LGBT people experience homophobic bullying at school (Stonewall, 2012, p.2) Even if they are not bullied, ninety six per cent of gay pupils heard homophobic remarks such as poof or lezza whilst ninety nine per cent hear derogatory phrases such as thats so gay (Stonewall, 2012, p.5). Thurlow (2001, p.36) writes that sticks and stones may be more likely to break their bones but the relentless, careless use of homophobic pejoratives will most certainly continue to compromise the psychological health of young homosexual and bisexual people by insidiously constructing their sexuality as something wrong, dangerous or shameworthy. Dye (n.d.) quotes Sue Allen, chair of Families and Friends of Lesbians and Gays (FFLAG) as saying that Every generation has a word which they use as a term of offence [] today it is gay'. She claims that pupils in primary schools begin using it to mean anything thats naff or abnormal and, as a result, by the time they reach secondary school, a feeling of negativity surrounds being gay. Plummer (2001, p17) agrees that initially when pupils are using these terms they are not referring to homosexuality. He says that pupils will use the term gay to refer to something that looks a bit different, a bit tacky, pathetic or anything like that. He states those who were called poofters were the ones that werent in the in crowd such as those who didnt play sport or those who were interested in collecting things or reading. Moore Rosenthanal (2006, p.172) argue that sexual connotations are not attached to these offensive terms until the children get into their teens but despite this, they recognise that these terms have deeply negative and offensive meanings. Therefore, even if they start off in a non-sexual sense, the powerful effect of these precisely targeted homophobic terms [] provides a hostile context for the development of a homosexual indentity. Barnes (2011) believes that the reason children use and laugh at this type of derogatory terminology is because they dont have all the facts about homosexuality. After they kno w the facts, she argues, they begin to use the correct words in the correct way.   Stonewalls School Report (2012, p21) details a number of statistics that show that many pupils report a decline in their attendance to lessons. For example, it states that seventy per cent of LGBT pupils admit to skipping school at least once. Furthermore, nearly half of the LGBT pupils who experience homophobic bullying admit to skipping school because they are being bullied. This can lead to them getting behind in their work and ultimately their attainment may be affected. 43 per cent of bullied of LGBT pupils state that they feel they are underachieving in their school work. (p.20) Over 30 per cent change their plans for future education because they are being bullied, meaning that they are more likely to leave school at 16, rather than carrying to study for their A-Levels and go to university, for example (p.21). Stonewall state that Ofsted requires schools to stamp out homophobic bullying in their inspection framework and, therefore they believe that schools should see tackling homophobic bullying as part of their wider drive to improve behaviour and boost aspiration, standards and attainment. (p27) There are concerns that schools are not doing enough to make all pupils feel welcome in their school. Stonewall (2012, p.20) found that more than fifty per cent of LGBT pupils feel as if they dont belong at their school and 46% dont feel as if they can act like themselves when they are at school. A similar percentage claim that it is hard for gay people to feel accepted in school and nearly fifty per cent of bullied LGBT pupils say that they have low self-esteem (pp.21-22). Furthermore, forty one per cent dont feel part of their school community and 30 per cent disagree with the notion that their school an accepting, tolerant place where I feel welcome. Barnes (2011) believes that it is essential that the curriculum reflects the community we live in and therefore, as LGBT people are a legitimate part of our community, they should also be included in the curriculum. She states that it is preferable to seep LGBT people into [the pupils] consciousness rather than to explicitly confront the students with LGBT issues. She believes that this can be done through a combination of inclusive lesson plans and giving them the facts through discussions that arise. Stonewall (2009a, p12) lists examples such as discussing LGBT characters in novels, civil partnerships and different families. They state that these are all ideal ways to discuss gay issues in a sensitive and appropriate manner. In order to ensure that the pupils feel accepted in school, they also recommend displaying posters which communicate positive messages of equality such as the Some people are gay, get over it campaign. The best schools do more than tackle homophobic bullying and therefore schools should work towards embracing an environment where diversity is promoted and celebrated across whole school community. (Stonewall, 2012, p27) However not all teachers are happy to include LGBT issues into their lessons. In January 2009, a London primary school teacher faced disciplinary action after she refused to read the book And Tango Makes Three, written by Parnell Richardson in 2005 (UK Parliament, 2013a). The story book tells the story of a gay penguin couple and once she realised that she that the book was advocating gay marriage she refused to continue reading it because of her Christian beliefs. She is not alone. The UK Pariliament (2013b) states that a 2013 poll conducted by ComRes found that over forty thousand teachers say they will probably refuse to teach about the importance of same-sex marriage if the Marriage (Same Sex couples) bill is eventually passed. Dashwood (2011) expresses that in her experience of homophobia in schools, she believes it is actually the pupils who show the most amount of tolerance, rather than the teachers. She argues that it is often young people who are the most accepting members of a school community, and a consequence they put many of their teachers to shame. She concludes that the government should ensure that educators are not responsible for any homophobia in the classroom, before attempting to tackle homophobic bullying among pupils. Stonewall (2012) states that whilst children in faith schools are no more likely to report homophobic bullying than those in non-faith schools (p.4), teachers in religious schools are more likely to make homophobic remarks and less likely to challenge pupils when they hear them make homophobic remarks, than those who teach in non-faith schools (p.12). Garner (2011) believes that a number of faith schools view themselves above the law and think they can do anything that they believe is line with their religious beliefs. Stonewall (2012, p.21) states that gay pupils who are bullied are at higher risk of suicide, self-harm and depression. LGBT organisation, Revel and Riot (n.d) suggests that the reasoning behind these thoughts are due to internalised homophobia; subconsciously-developed negative feelings LGBT people feel towards themselves because of their sexuality. Revel and Riot state that LGBT people may start to have these negative attitudes because they are affected and hurt by the discrimination gay people receive in society. They believe that internalised homophobia can take a number of forms. Firstly, a gay person can live in denial, where they live their lives pretending to be heterosexual which can lead to the person feeling unfulfilled and lonely. Secondly, a person can remain closeted. This means that they take part in homosexual activity but keeps it a secret from the people close to them. Revel and Riot argue that being closeted is linked with high-anxiety, low self-esteem, increased ri sk for suicide and general lack of fulfillment. The Stonewall survey (2012, p22) found that more than fifty per cent admit to taking actions to deliberately harm themselves, such as cutting or burning themselves. Nearly fifty per cent of LGBT people who are bullied show symptoms linked with depression whilst thirty five per cent of those who werent bullied showed depression symptoms (p.22) Almost a quarter of LGBT pupils admitted to attempting suicide at some point, whilst over seventy per cent claim to have at least considered it. Stonewall (2012, p.4) compares these figures to those published by the Samaritans which states that only seven per cent of all young people (either straight or LGBT) have ever attempted suicide and less than fifty per cent have considered it. Rebel and Riot (n.d.) argue that the worst form of internalised homophobia is aggressive denial, where a person feels so strongly that they should not be gay that they repress their sexual desires and act out in a ho mophobic manner towards other LGBT people. Over a quarter of bullied LGBT pupils say they feel guilty about getting bullied whilst over sixty per cent say they feel embarrassed and over forty per cent say they feel ashamed.(Stonewall, 2012, p.21) It is not always easy for teachers to be aware of when a pupil is the victim of homophobic bullying and the Department for Children, Schools and Families (2007, p16-17) believe that this is because many pupils are embarrassed to admit it, perhaps because they do not want to disclose their sexuality to their teacher or because they are embarrassed that they are being perceived in this way and being bullied for it when they actually are not LGBT. Alternatively, they argue that some pupils may choose not to tell their teachers that they are being bullied because they worry about how the staff may deal with the problem given the sensitivities involved (p.19) A Stonewall report from 2009 focused on responses from teachers of both primary and secondary schools on their experience of homoph obia in the classroom. It found that nearly thirty per cent of teachers state that they would not feel confident in supporting a pupil who decided to come out as LGBT to them (Stonewall, 2009b, p16). Furthermore, forty per cent say that they would not feel confident in providing information, advice and guidance on gay issues to their pupils. Concerns about how teachers will respond correlate with figures from Stonewalls School Report (2012, p.12) that shows that many LGBT pupils feel that their schools often fail to intervene when homophobic bullying and language occurs. The report found that the rate of homophobic bullying is much higher in schools where teachers never step in when they hear homophobic remarks, compared to schools where the teachers challenge homophobic remarks every time. (Stonewall, 2012, p.13) Up until 2003, it was illegal for teachers to intentionally promote homosexuality or to promote the acceptability of homosexuality as a pretended family relationship (National Archives, n.d.) This was stated as part of Section 28 of the 1988 Local Government Act. Even though this has now been repealed, there may still be confusion of what is acceptable. This fairly recent change of the law may leave those that have been teaching for a while confused as to what they are allowed to do. If they have always been told that they are not allowed to teach about gay issues throughout their career, many may continue to ignore these issues even now the ban has been lifted. Bridges (2013) agrees with this notion as she states that gay relationships seem to be outside the comfort zones of many teachers, and is therefore not tackled with as much rigour as other types of bullying. Pupils who have gay family members can also feel the effect of homophobia in the classroom. Stonewalls Different Families (p.20) states that whilst lots of pupils who have gay parents are open about their families, most are careful about who they tell. Those who feel that they have to keep their families secret from everyone find it stressful. The report states that many pupils with gay parents are worried that they will get bullied and this prevents them from being honest about their families. The report concluded that pupils with gay parents dont feel as though their families were reflected in the classroom. It states that too often, schools assume that pupils have a mum and a dad both in classroom activities and in letters that are sent home. Therefore, the report recommends that teachers cease to make this assumption to avoid this insensitivity towards the pupils who have alternative families (p.22). Firth (2002, p7) acknowledges the importance for pupils who come from LGBT famil ies to feel that their families are recognised, accepted and respected. For this reason she believes that it is entirely appropriate to have discussions amongst young pupils about the diversity of families that exist within society. It is not just the pupils who experience homophobic abuse. Williams (2012) states that a 2006 survey by the Teacher Support Network discovered that two-thirds of LGBT teachers had experienced harassment or discrimination at work because of their sexual orientation. She writes that 81% of those received discrimination from the pupils and but 46% said their colleagues were responsible. Dellenty (2012) hopes that gay teachers will have the strength to come out and hopes that schools support them when they do as there will be pupils who have gay family or friends and those who will grow up to be LGBT themselves. He argues that these people deserve and need a representative diverse range of authentic role models in schools. The Department for Children, Families and Schools (, p.13) writes that the Employment Equality (Sexual Orientation) Regulations 2003 aims to protect all members of staff against discrimination or harassment on the grounds of their sexual orientation or perceived sexual orienation. Aside from bullying, there are also concerns that gay people are not well enough informed when it comes to sexual health. The Sex Education Forum () states that young LGBT pupils often report feeling left out of sex and relationships programmes. The Department for Education and Employment (2000) wrote that schools have a responsibility to ensure that the needs of all of their pupils are met in the sex education programmes. They argue that that all pupils need to feel that sex and relationship education is relevant to them and sensitive to their needs, regardless of their sexual orientation. They add that teachers should be able to deal honestly and sensitively with sexual orientation, answer appropriate questions and offer support. Stonewall (2012, p) found that two thirds of gay pupils dislike taking part in team sports. Futhermore, a survey by the National Union of Students () found that 42% per cent of LGBT pupils had a negative experience of playing sport at school which lead to them feeling as though they dont want to play any sports at college or university. The report concludes that schools should encourage LGBT-inclusiveness by using sport as a way of expressing to pupils that homophobia is not acceptable behaviour and that all members of a sports team should contribute to creating an inclusive environment. They should also make an effort to support students to participate in a broad range of sports, including those that are not typical for their gender. The celebration of LGBT History month in some schools is a step in the right direction. The National Union of Teachers (NUT, 2013) argues that LGBT History Month helps teachers to promote equality, value diversity and implement effective strategies to eradicate homophobia. The idea is to make pupils aware of the achievements of LGBT people in Britain, as well as the struggles they faced in society. Taking place every February, It is an opportunity to show that discrimination against people is wrong and must be challenged.  The NUT adds that students in school [] need to discuss human rights and have the life skills for a world where LGBT and straight people are equal. The LGBT History website outlines a number of reasons why this celebration is beneficial to the whole school community. It states that it is essential for everybody to be aware of the role of LGBT people in society and claims to aim to help gay people be viewed by students as motivators, inventors, artists, scientists and stars, rather than as victims. It also hopes to help boost the self-esteem of young LGBT pupils so they feel safe enough to continue with their education and grow to be happy and healthy adults who are less likely to suffer from violence, depression, and suicide. It is also an opportunity to provide postive role models for the pupils. An extreme example, but one that has been launched in other countries, is that of a gay school; a school for gay pupils, such as the Harvey Milk High School in New York. Launched in 2003, it was set up for those pupils who had been victimised and abused in their previous schools so much so that they were falling behind in their work or felt too afraid to attend their classes (Henley, 2004). Many of its pupils express that without the school they would make no academic progress and Henley (2004) writes that the school boasts that 95% of its students graduate, compared to just over 50% across New York generally. However, the idea is not popular amongst as people can get bullied for a number of reasons. Henely (2004) quoted Mike Long (who at the time was the chairman of the New York Conservative Party) as saying if we need a special school for homosexuals, maybe we need a special school for little short fat kids because they get picked on too. Indeed, Stonewalls research found that homo phobia was only the second most frequent form of bullying, behind bullying for being overweight. It is important to consider, therefore, that whilst these pupils may not get bullied for their sexual orientation anymore, they could still be targeted for other reasons. Furthermore, there are concerns that separating homosexual people from heterosexual people at an early age is only going to cause a wider segregation later on in life. Henley (2004) writes that some gay activitists believe that creating a new form of gay ghetto is no way to encourage integration and understanding, adding that in the real world, [] gay and straight people have to learn to co-exist. The Department for Education and Skills (2004) believe that schools are the ideal place to challenge homophobia because they make a significant contribution to the development of values and attitudes in young children that are likely to be highly resistant to change in later life.

Drug and Alcohol among College and High School Students Essay -- Drugs

Drug and Alcohol among College and High School Students In an era in which drugs and alcohol has become increasingly easy to obtain, its abuse has proportionally plagued American youth time and time again. In the past few years’ abuse amongst youngsters has reached an all time high. The effects of these substances, on students damage their mind and body; and in addition, has effected their academic performance, not only on the collegiate level but also amongst high school students. Since alcohol is the number one drug problem among young people and Marijuana, which is the most frequently used illicit drug in the United States. These substances are becoming more and more frequent throughout high school students and college students, the bodily harm the abuse causes takes action at a much earlier age. The problem of drug and alcohol abuse starts at a young age, were teenagers start to experiment with different substances. Peer pressure plays an enormous role in teenager’s decision to take a substance. Adolescence’s have almost always started drinking because of peer pressure, in an attempt to be accepted and included in the group. The pressures facing young kids in high school and college face to be â€Å"cool† is unreasonably high. Many people continue with the use of alcohol or drugs because it relaxes them in social situations and makes it easier to communicate with the people around them. In today’s society children are trying substances at earlier ages then before. Drug and alcohol among teenagers starts at the adolescence age; It is common among these teenagers to start trying these different substances. The trying of these substances is where the problem starts; when students take it to the next step toward o... ...the fifteen students we approached, all fifteen of them admitted that they use alcohol or drugs to escape from something. Whether from schoolwork, their friends, boyfriends or girlfriends or plain and simply from reality, they all abuse the substances to feel good for a few hours just to go back to reality and face their troubles the next day. The continued process of this makes it almost a routine for these students to continuously go out and get drunk or high to have fun and not worry about anything else for the night. Drugs and alcohol are going to continue to be used by high school and college students forever but there are many actions to take that can help decrease the numbers. Communities need to begin getting more involved, parents need to be more involved in their children’s lives and laws need to be more strictly enforced before these bad habits break.

Great Aspects of Kentucky :: essays research papers

Great Aspects of Kentucky Kentucky could just be the best place between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans to live. From "Happy Birthday" to Abraham Lincoln, Kentucky has made a great contribution to history. Being the 15th state to join the Union in 1792, Kentucky has brought forth a number of important people and aspects to the United States. A look back over Kentucky's history will find items that American citizens use in every day life and may not know or even wonder how or where their existence came about. The only National Holiday honoring American mothers was bought on by a teacher in Henderson, Kentucky, Mary S. Wilson. In 1914 president Woodrow Wilson inducted the second Sunday of May as Mother?s Day. A song sung daily across the U.S. was written in 1893 by sisters, Mildred and Patricia Hill, who were teachers in Louisville, Kentucky. The songs first intended use was to be a classroom greeting entitled ?Good Morning to All.? After a court battle, in 1934, the copyright was proved to belong to the Hill sisters and the song ?Happy Birthday? was published and copy written in 1935. Aside from inventions, Kentucky holds claim to a number of great American citizens. Two of the most important men during the American Civil War came from Kentucky. On February 12, 1809 Abraham Lincoln was born to Thomas Lincoln and Nancy Hanks, one of three children. He won the Republican Party vote and became president in 1860. He held his presidency through the American Civil War and reigned victory over Jefferson Davis, also a Kentucky native, to eventually abolish slavery. Even with his move from Kentucky to Indiana at the age of seven, many Kentucky residents are proud to hold claim to such an upstanding American citizen. Jefferson Finis Davis was born between 1807 and 1808, his elders were unsure of the exact date, to Samuel Emory Davis and Jane Cook, being the youngest of ten siblings who lived in Todd County, Kentucky. Davis was the Confederate president during the American Civil War, 1861 to 1865. In 1846 he resigned his House seat to fight in the Mexican-American Wa r with the Mississippi Rifles, a regiment he established, and served as the colonel. He went on to serve in several other political positions and finished writing A Short History of the Confederate States of America two months before his death in 1889. Great Aspects of Kentucky :: essays research papers Great Aspects of Kentucky Kentucky could just be the best place between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans to live. From "Happy Birthday" to Abraham Lincoln, Kentucky has made a great contribution to history. Being the 15th state to join the Union in 1792, Kentucky has brought forth a number of important people and aspects to the United States. A look back over Kentucky's history will find items that American citizens use in every day life and may not know or even wonder how or where their existence came about. The only National Holiday honoring American mothers was bought on by a teacher in Henderson, Kentucky, Mary S. Wilson. In 1914 president Woodrow Wilson inducted the second Sunday of May as Mother?s Day. A song sung daily across the U.S. was written in 1893 by sisters, Mildred and Patricia Hill, who were teachers in Louisville, Kentucky. The songs first intended use was to be a classroom greeting entitled ?Good Morning to All.? After a court battle, in 1934, the copyright was proved to belong to the Hill sisters and the song ?Happy Birthday? was published and copy written in 1935. Aside from inventions, Kentucky holds claim to a number of great American citizens. Two of the most important men during the American Civil War came from Kentucky. On February 12, 1809 Abraham Lincoln was born to Thomas Lincoln and Nancy Hanks, one of three children. He won the Republican Party vote and became president in 1860. He held his presidency through the American Civil War and reigned victory over Jefferson Davis, also a Kentucky native, to eventually abolish slavery. Even with his move from Kentucky to Indiana at the age of seven, many Kentucky residents are proud to hold claim to such an upstanding American citizen. Jefferson Finis Davis was born between 1807 and 1808, his elders were unsure of the exact date, to Samuel Emory Davis and Jane Cook, being the youngest of ten siblings who lived in Todd County, Kentucky. Davis was the Confederate president during the American Civil War, 1861 to 1865. In 1846 he resigned his House seat to fight in the Mexican-American Wa r with the Mississippi Rifles, a regiment he established, and served as the colonel. He went on to serve in several other political positions and finished writing A Short History of the Confederate States of America two months before his death in 1889.

Clothing, Shelter and Transportation in Panama :: Panama Culture Region Essays Papers

Clothing, Shelter and Transportation in Panama Panama, a small country located in Central America, is very diversified in both its people and its climate. Considered to be the isthmus connecting South America to North America, Panama has played a key role in global transportation since the creation of the Panama Canal. The canal goes through the midsection of the country connecting the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, allowing for much faster sea travel. Because of its location, Panama has been heavily influenced by several countries including Colombia which they were ruled by until 1903 and the United States which played such a large role in the realization of the canal. These foreign influences can easily be found in Panama's cuisine, music, and artwork as well as all the tribes that have settled within the country. The climate of Panama is substantially different on the Atlantic and Pacific sides of the country, namely in terms of annual rain fall. So much so that 'on the Caribbean slopes of the Tabasarà ¡ Mountains' average rainfall is approximately twice as heavy as on the leeward Pacific slopes' (www.britannica.com). Furthermore, the Pacific has heavy rainfall almost all year round whereas the Atlantic side has distinct seasons, making it easier for agriculture to flourish. Found in the western provinces of Chiriquà ­, Bocas del Toro, Veraguas and the San Blas Islands, the Kuna tribe is the second largest Indian group in Panama with approximately 35,000 people. While the Kuna speak their own language called ?Tule?, many speak Spanish and English because of the Colombian and US influences. Largely living in the rain forests, the Kuna live in ?traditionally thatched roof huts made from materials readily found in the jungle? (http://public.cwp.net). By using a combination of straw, palm leaves and reeds they use the resources found in their region to make shelter that is suitable for living in such a hot, humid climate. Their clothing, however, differs from other tribes in the country because of their location. Instead of preferring loin cloths like other tribes on the Pacific, rainier side of Panama do, the Kuna women wear ?wrap around skirts and beautifully hand-made blouses known as ?Molas?. The Mola is an intricately sewn picture made from layers of c loth in a reverse appliquà © technique? while the men wear ?traditional Kuna shirts and less traditional pants, jeans, or shorts? (http://public.cwp.net). It?s easier for them to wear more clothing because they don?t have to continuously deal with rain.

Rape Scene In The Bluest Eye

In the article Taking Refuge in â€Å"How:† Dissecting the Motives Behind Cholly’s Rape in The Bluest Eye by Rebecca Andrews, Andrews talks about the motives behind Cholly raping Pecola. This article shows how Andrews believes â€Å"†¦ that Cholly is giving his daughter the only form of love he knows how to express†¦Ã¢â‚¬  In order for the us to understand the rape scene they would have to understand his past. Before he was even born his dad had abandoned his mother when she found out she was pregnant and nine days after he was born his mom leaves him in a trash pile. He was left to grow up with his Aunt Jimmy who he had a tough time viewing as a real parent.â€Å"†¦When she made him sleep with her for warmth in the winter and he could see her old wrinkled breasts in her nightgown— then he wondered whether it would have been just as well to have died. † (132) If he looked at her as an actual parent he wouldn’t have thought about it like that but instead he would have thought about it in a good way. Usually kids look forward to sleeping with their mothers but not him; he saw it in a bad way. His first encounters with parenting caused him to understand at a young age â€Å"that a parent/child relationship is not necessarily one that is filled with love.† (Andrews)He was never taught how to have a good parent child relationship therefore he wouldn’t have been able to have one with his own children. â€Å"Moments before he rapes his daughter, he has returned home drunk and sees her washing dishes. His first reaction to her is ‘revulsion’ which is ‘a reaction to her young, helpless, hopeless presence’. (Morrison 161)† Since he had never had love or affection from his parents he had failed to show any to Pecola. He thinks why she should even love him if he can never give her anything. When he sees her hopeless it reminds him of when he felt that way.Which brings him bac k to the first time he had first had sex and it was interrupted when two white guys and make them continue while they watched. By this happening he realized that he could express anger and love through sex. So when he first looks at Pecola he feels hatred but then it changes to love when she shift from one foot to the other and scratches her leg with her toe and it reminds him to when he had first met Pauline. When he first saw Pauline he didn’t have intentionally have feelings of lust as for the same with Pecola. The only way that he can show is love for Pecola is by having sex with her.In my opinion it is not his fault that he can’t show his love in another way. He grew up not knowing how to show that love and when he finally did it was through sex. But that still doesn’t make what he did right. I agree with Andrews when she says â€Å"†¦ that Cholly is giving his daughter the only form of love he knows how to express†¦Ã¢â‚¬  but at the same time h e could have learned to love in a different way for his children. By doing what he did to Pecola she will think that it’s a normal thing. It’s just a beginning of a cycle that will last for a long time.

Food Procurement Essay

Mang Inasal chicken BBQ is the Philippines unfluctuatingest growing barbeque fast f ar chain, serving chicken, pork barbeque and other Filipino favorites, was first established on declination 12, 2003 in Iloilo City.Currently, there were 445 branches nationwide and with everywhere 10,000 enlistees system wide. Mang Inasal is doing its shargon in alleviating the unemployment outcome of the country. The presence of every Mang Inasal in a certain area provides not however employment but as well opportunities to lodge members including suppliers of kalamansi, charcoal, banana leaves, vegetables, bamboo sticks, and other ingredients. It also indirectly gives income-generating activities to many.In keeping with the delegation to consistently provide its customers a huge Pinoy eat experience, Mang Inasal, the Philippines fastest growing barbecue fast solid food for thought chain branches out again, this sequence in Turbina, Calamba, lagune adding to its much than three hu ndred branches nationwide. Marco Sison and Nonoy Zuiga graced the opening finally Nov. 19. The Brothers Band provided the entertainment and back up. basic established in Iloilo City on December 12, 2003 by Edgar Injap Sia serving barbecued chicken, pork barbecue and other Filipino favorites, Mang Inasal Turbina in Calamba is a franchise have by Ikemada Resources, Inc., a holding company, which intents to entertain ownership of different outlets/branches in the food industry. Ikemadas choice of Turbina in Calamba as the next site for Mang Inasal is its strategic placement which is between the deuce bus marchesinals convey passengers from Manila to the southern provinces of Quezon, Batangas, Bicol and Mindoro. Turbina is just 30-minutes ask from Makati. This is also in line with Mang Inasals vision to be the preferred fast-flying service restaurant of every Pinoy everywhere.Mang Inasal endeavors to stick about to elements that bear a distinctly Pinoy stamp-grilling with ch arcoal, strain wrapped in banana leaves, marinade concocted out of local spices and herbs, bamboo sticks for skewers, and the ambience that encourages kinamot (the Ilonggo term in eating with the hands) whenever chicken inasal is served. every(prenominal) these evoke a rush of nostalgia for tradition, culture, and almost of all, home.Grilled chicken isnt the simply fare that Mang Inasal offers. They have Sisig, Grilled Pork, Bangus, cowardly Feet, Wings, Pecho, Liver and Baticulon, Fish and Pork Sinigang, Batchoy, Bihon, Pancit Molo, Pinoy Burger, Pinoy Mirienda, Pinoy Panamis, Pinoy Pampagana, and more.Mang Inasals Vision is to be the preferred spry service restaurant of every pinoy everywhere. Their mission is to consistently provide their customers a great pinoy dining experience.Objectives of the Study-To determine the buy and ordering procedures of Mang Inasal, Petron Turbina. -To identify the receiving procedures of Mang Inasal, Petron Turbina. -To determine the stora ge procedures of Mang Inasal, Petron Turbina. -To identify the inventory procedures of Mang Inasal, Petron Turbina. -To know the sanitization procedures of Mang Inasal, PetronTurbina.Signifi potfulce of the StudyThis study of the food procurance in Mang Inasal cowardly BBQ including The real(a) food purchasing, receiving, storing, inventory and issuing procedures leave behind serve as a quote to the students interrogationing and studying about food procurement of a food organization. This go away also serve as a be given up for other make-ups if they are following the unspoiled procedures in food procurement. This study get out help inform the consumers if this food establishment is safe to eat from. Lastly, the study give help other future look forers if the traditionalistic way of these activities were still practiced today. order actingological summary look for LocaleMang Inasal chicken BBQ incarnate Office (Head Office) is located 2316 Aurora Boulevard, Tramo St., Pasay City. Mang Inasal is operational at the following areas Bacolod, Iloilo, Roxas, Laguna, Bicutan, Metro Manila, Davao, Cagayan De Oro, Koronadal, Cavite, Cebu, Boracay, Baguio, Pangasinan, Tuguegarao, La Union, Pampanga, Bulacan, Mindoro, Agusan, Zamboanga, Ozamiz, Iligan, Surigao, General Santos, Pagadian, Batangas, Lucena, Naga City, Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, Tagaytay, Palawan, Tacloban, Ilocos Sur and Tarlac. Mang Inasal is targeting to open cholecalciferol stores by 2012.The researchers focused on Mang Inasal Chicken BBQ located near PETRON (Gasoline Station) in Turbina, Calamba City, Laguna which was opened last November 19, 2011 and the opening was graced by Nonoy Zuiga and Marco Sison. This franchise branch is owned by Ikemada Resources Inc., a holding company. question DesignThe descriptive system of research was used for this study. To define the descriptive caseful of research, Creswell (1994) stated that the descriptive method of research is to gather information about the impersonate existing condition. The emphasis is on describing quite than on judging or interpreting. The aim of descriptive research is to verify theorize hypotheses that refer to the present situation in order to elucidate it. The descriptive access code is quick and practical in legal injury of the financial aspect. Moreoer, this method allows a plastic approach, thus when of the essence(predicate) new issues and questions elevate during the duration of the study, further investigation whitethorn be conducted.The researcher opted to integrate the soft approach in this study callable to its significant advantages. The use of soft information gathering method is advantageous as they are more open to changes and tad of research ideas as the study progresses this implies that qualitative info gatheringtools are passing flexible. Moreover, no manipulation of the research set is necessary with this method rather than employ various research control s such as in experimental approaches, the qualitative selective information gathering methods are only concentrate on on understanding the occurring phenomena in their naturally occurring states.Aside from these advantages, researchers use qualitative entropy-gathering tools as some previous researchers believe that qualitative data are particularly spellbinding as they provide rich and good descriptions and explanations as well as out of the blue(predicate) findings for new theory construction. One of the worthy strengths of the qualitative instruments is that they evoke a more realistic feeling of the research set which cannot be obtained from statistical analysis and mathematical data utilized through vicenary means. These data appealingness methods allow tractableness in conducting data gathering, research analysis and interpretation of gathered information. In addition, qualitative method allows the presentation of the phenomenon being investigated in a more holisti c view.Research Instrumentsa. InterviewAn consultation can be under taken to collect data, there are two types of references and they include introduce to baptistery oppugn and telephone call into question, a face to face interview ordain involve assembly of data whereby the responder and research executive sit together, a telephone interview on the other hand will involve calling the responsive and answers obtained over the phone, a face to face interview is considered more expensive given that the research administrator may be ask to travel and also this process may be cadence consuming. (Fowler, 2008)Interview are further subdivided into structured and unstructured interview, structured interview involves setting up a set of questions that will be administered sequence unstructured involve asking the respondent to elaborate on certain issues. (Fowler, 2008)b. ruminationObservation is another method of put in data, this method involves observing participants and recording data, for mannequin collecting data on the quash of vehicles that use a certain road will involve the observation method of collecting data. (Fowler, 2008)c. Analyzing documentsThis is secondary data collection method that involves collecting data from create documents subject journals and a book, other sources include online databases which are relatively cheap methods of obtaining data, this method is preferred given that it is less time consuming and also less bellly. This method however have a impairment given that it may given jump out to accuracy problems, data accuracy will depend on the purpose of the data collected and that there may rhytidoplasty problem when data may unprocurable and indeed a researcher will be required to use radical sources of data which include interview and questionnaires. (Fowler, 2008)When conniving the research data collection methods it is important that the researcher takes into consideration the respondent attitude, data collection methods such as questionnaires should be designed taking into consideration the reply of the respondents when a certain question is tell to them, also the research questions should be profit and simple and should not be jumper lead questions.The other factor that should be taken into consideration is the cost, when selecting the data collection method one should take into consideration the cost associated with that method and whether there exist ship canal to reduce such costs, face to face interview sometimes may be costly and time consuming and therefore questionnaires that are relatively cheap may be preferred, also the questionnaires may be more appropriate given that they are less time consuming given that a lot of data can be collected at once, for example a study that involves participants from different regions and the respondent sends the questionnaires to the respondents. (Fowler, 2008)Data Gathering ProceduresThe researchers used interview and guide questio ns to gather the needed information. (See appurtenance A)Key InformantsThe researchers interviewed Mr. Jayson Pizarra, the originator manager of Mang Inasal Turbina, and Ms. bloody shame Ann Papio, the present manager. The researchers have undergone two interviews with all(prenominal) manager. The first interview was make with the former manager, Mr. Pizarra, in January 2012. The second interview was done with the present manager, Ms. Papio last adjoin 12, 2012 at Mang Inasal Turbina.The researchers wished to speak with their purchasing federal agent to gather the correct information because food procurement is handled mostly by the purchasing effect of a food establishment unfortunately, Mang Inasal doesnt have purchasing personnel. The managers and abetter _or_ abettor managers act as the purchasing personnel and handle the food procurement of their establishment.